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Separation of Powers — related Supreme Court cases

This page groups Supreme Court cases that involve the constitutional concept “Separation of Powers”. Use it to explore related decisions and see how the same idea shows up across different cases.

“Separation of Powers” is:

The division of government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

Source: Articles I, II, III Where this concept definition/label comes from (for example, a constitutional provision or a reference framework).

Cases

These are cases where this concept was identified as relevant. Click a case to view its summary, holding, and supporting syllabus excerpts.

  • Bowe v. United States 9th January 2026
    The case discusses the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the interpretation of statutory provisions, which involves the separation of powers between the judiciary and the legislature.
  • Kennedy v. Braidwood Management, Inc. 27th June 2025
    The case discusses the appointment of officers and their classification as principal or inferior officers, which involves the separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches.
  • FCC v. Consumers’ Research 27th June 2025
    The case involves the delegation of legislative power to an executive agency and the limits of such delegation.
  • Medina v. Planned Parenthood South Atlantic 26th June 2025
    The case addresses the role of courts versus Congress in determining the enforcement of statutory provisions, emphasizing the separation of powers.
  • McLaughlin Chiropractic Associates, Inc. v. McKesson Corp. 20th June 2025
    The case discusses the roles of different branches of government, particularly the judiciary's role in reviewing agency interpretations, implicating separation of powers.
  • Fuld v. Palestine Liberation Organization 20th June 2025
    The case involves the balance of powers between Congress and the President in enacting the PSJVTA, which implicates foreign policy and national security.
  • Oklahoma v. EPA 18th June 2025
    The case involves the interpretation and application of statutory provisions by the EPA, an executive agency, and the judicial review of these actions.
  • Soto v. United States 12th June 2025
    The case discusses the authority of the Secretary to determine claims, which involves the separation of powers between legislative statutes and executive enforcement.
  • FDA v. Wages and White Lion Investments, LLC 2nd April 2025
    The case involves the FDA's exercise of regulatory power, which touches on the separation of powers between the legislative authority that enacted the TCA and the executive authority of the FDA.
  • United States v. Miller 26th March 2025
    The case discusses the limits of judicial power in the context of sovereign immunity, which is a fundamental aspect of the separation of powers.
  • TikTok Inc. v. Garland 17th January 2025
    The case involves the legislative and executive branches' actions concerning national security and regulation of foreign-controlled applications, which may touch on separation of powers.
  • Trump v. United States 1st July 2024
    The case primarily deals with the separation of powers between the Executive and Judicial branches, focusing on the extent of Presidential immunity.
  • Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors 1st July 2024
    The case involves judicial review of agency action, which is a function of the separation of powers between the executive branch (Federal Reserve Board) and the judiciary.
  • Fischer v. United States 28th June 2024
    The case discusses the legislative power to define crimes and set penalties, which relates to the separation of powers between the legislative and judicial branches.
  • Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo 28th June 2024
    The case discusses the allocation of interpretive authority between the judiciary and executive agencies, which is a core issue of separation of powers.
  • Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P. 27th June 2024
    The decision emphasizes the role of the judiciary in interpreting and applying the law, rather than making policy decisions, which is a reflection of the separation of powers.
  • SEC v. Jarkesy 27th June 2024
    The case involves the separation of powers issue regarding whether Congress can assign adjudication of certain matters to an agency rather than an Article III court.
  • Department of State v. Munoz 21st June 2024
    The case discusses the doctrine of consular nonreviewability, which involves the separation of powers between the executive and judicial branches.
  • Moore v. United States 20th June 2024
    The case discusses the power of Congress to impose taxes, which is a legislative function, highlighting the separation of powers between branches of government.
  • Garland v. Cargill 14th June 2024
    The case involves the question of whether the ATF exceeded its statutory authority, which relates to the separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches.
  • FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine 13th June 2024
    The case discusses the limits of judicial intervention in executive actions, reflecting the separation of powers between branches.
  • Starbucks Corp. v. McKinney 13th June 2024
    The case discusses the roles of the judiciary and an administrative agency, highlighting the separation of powers between courts and the NLRB.

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